Cryptography traditionally used the names Alice and Bob to refer to two parties who want to communicate securely over an insecure channel. Eve is the traditional name of someone who wishes to intercept and read their communications. I have come across a good link on the Internet about the traditional names in Cryptography scope. A few important names are below:
- Alice and Bob. Generally Alice wants to send a message to Bob. These names were invented by Ron Rivest for the 1978 Communications of the ACM article presenting the RSA cryptosystem. (The 1977 technical report on RSA did not use these names.) Rivest denies that these names have any relation with the 1969 movie Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice as occasionally suggested by others.
- Carol, as a third participant in communications. Thereafter, we often have Dave, a fourth participant, and so on alphabetically.
- Eve, an eavesdropper, is usually a passive attacker. While she can listen in on messages between Alice and Bob, she cannot modify them. In quantum cryptography, Eve may also represent the environment.
- Isaac, an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
- Ivan, an issuer (as in financial cryptography).
- Justin, from the justice system.
- Mallory, a malicious attacker; unlike Eve, Mallory can modify messages, substitute her own messages, replay old messages, and so on. The problem of securing a system against Mallory is much greater than against Eve. The names Marvin and Mallet can also be used for this role.
- Matilda, a merchant (as in ecommerce or financial cryptography).
- Oscar, an opponent, is usually taken as equivalent to Mallory.
- Pat, see Peggy.
- Peggy, a prover, and Victor, a verifier, often must interact in some way to show that the intended transaction has actually taken place. They are often found in zero-knowledge proofs. Another name pair sometimes used is Pat and Vanna (after the host and hostess on the Wheel of Fortune television show).
- Plod, a law enforcement officer (P for police, also "Officer Plod" from the children's TV show Noddy).
- Steve, sometimes used in reference to Steganography.
- Trudy, an intruder: another alternative to Mallory.
- Trent, a trusted arbitrator, is some kind of neutral third party, whose exact role varies with the protocol under discussion.
- Walter, a warden, may be needed to guard Alice and Bob in some respect, depending on the protocol being discussed.
- Zoe, often the last party to be involved in a cryptographic protocol.


this page. -- hurryon 2006-03-31

